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Contrary to previous research, instrumental music training was not associated with heightened spatial skills, phonemic awareness, or mathematical abilities.
Knowledge value and social value are thus distinguishable according to Emanuel and colleagues, and it is the improvement in health that gives research instrumental value.
As we mentioned before in the methodology section we choose for linear multiple regression analyses to determine which independent variables were associated with each type of use of epidemiological research (instrumental, conceptual, symbolic).
In economic studies and recently in health services research, instrumental variable (IV) methods have been used to overcome potential selection bias due to the presence of unobserved confounding factors in the observational data and to provide consistent estimates of the association between treatment and outcome for several conditions and treatments [ 12- 15].
In our case the underlying concept from the Likert items can be regarded from not applicable to very strong applicable as interval-level data and therefore we used linear multiple regression analyses to determine which independent variables were associated with each type of use of epidemiological research (instrumental, conceptual, symbolic) [ 22].
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Besides a foothold in the American market, Alcatel could gain access to Bell Labs, the research operation instrumental in creating technologies like the transistor and the laser.
Her research was instrumental in demonstrating that the structure of biological communities changed in response to environmental factors, such as climatic variation, over time.
The Dev Team, whose research was instrumental in Hotz's initial hacking of the iPhone's hardware, isn't the first to offer a software-only unlock.
This research is instrumental for future engineering of reduced toxic metal(loid) accumulation in edible crop tissues as well as for improved phytoremediation technologies.
First, assumption g) is not supported by recent research using instrumental variables techniques, which consistently finds that the estimated local average treatment effect is substantially higher than the ordinary least squares estimate.
In this review current research and instrumental developments devoted to isotope ratio analysis by LA-ICP-MS in hard and soft biological tissues are described together with some representative applications.
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