Based on this study, generic recommendations are made on how to locate, design and manage protected areas for river biodiversity: use appropriate planning units, incorporate both biodiversity pattern and process, improve planning and management of individual protected areas, incorporate a mixture of protection strategies, and embed planning into an ongoing research and implementation process.
The informants were involved in the entire research design and implementation process.
We had the opportunity to carry out the research while the implementation process was ongoing, albeit approaching its end.
Further distinctions can be made within this version of translational ethics by considering the involvement of different stakeholders and their responsibilities in the research, implementation and evaluation process.
Research about the implementation process of the Bologna directives in education in Europe is still limited and the process of implementation of specialist nurse education into the three level university system in Sweden has not to our knowledge been investigated.
Johanna Hanefeld is a PhD candidate at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, researching policy implementation processes relating to ART roll-out in Zambia and South Africa.
Specifically, these include lack of legal and strategic frameworks for research; lack of credible governance structures for research; lack of coordination of research activities; inadequate participation of stakeholders in research, policy and implementation processes; lack of demand for research; low accessibility and use of research findings; and inadequate financial and human capacity [ 6, 7].
This critique may be balanced by the valuable insights such research provides in the implementation process [ 4].
Our recommendations include: examining long-term effectiveness and health-related outcomes, employing evaluation approaches capable of distinguishing effective/ineffective intervention components/modes, and reporting thorough accounts of the research context, intervention, methods, implementation process and findings, including feasibility and affordability.
This study is one of the few research that analyze the implementation process for public health care policy at the micro level in the context of reducing the financial costs of maternal health care.
