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It is research defined by genre.
Until then, scientists had been largely free to pursue their own theories, however outlandish – but the war on cancer would now be won by bureaucrats demanding goal-orientated research defined by strict parameters.
Is co-production in research defined by traditional roles, or by the expertise people on the team have to contribute to the effort?
Besides the two defined categories, we decided to use the category for classification of research defined by Wieringa et al. (2006), named Research Type.
All animal procedures were performed according to the guidelines for animal models in research defined by the Ethics Committee and approved by the Ministry of France (reference project number is 01861.02).
Phenopedia and Genopedia serve as resources for the development of field synopses, which are regularly updated summaries of genetic associations in a particular field of research defined by a phenotype or family of genes (Khoury et al., 2009).
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In those cases, we replied that genomics research is defined by research on the entire genome of an organism instead of research on individual genes and gene functions [See Discussion and Chandrasekharan et. al [ 27] for a more complete definition and taxonomy].
Medical research is defined by the law: "Medical research means research involving intervention in the integrity of a person, human embryo or human foetus for the purpose of increasing knowledge of health, the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases or the nature of diseases in general".
Due to the fact that food expenses could not be calculated in a few studies, some research defined catastrophic health expenditure by comparing medical expenditures to a household's total income [ 21, 30- 32].
Concentrating on operational research – defined as the systematic study, "by observation and experiment, of the working of a system with a view to improvement," is one particular dimension to such a real world focus [ 27].
Patient-oriented research is defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin such as tissues, specimens, and cognitive phenomena), for which an investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with human subjects.
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