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Neither the motionless (chilled) nestmate, nor the empty snare elicited any of the eight behavioral reactions, either aggressive or rescue behavior, in any of the 9 tests each (i.e., 3 samples from each of 3 colonies) of these two conditions.
We used the group of 5 nestmates per trial because preliminary tests showed that, to evoke rescue behavior, at least 5 nestmates must be present.
Recently, rescue behavior has been reported in Formica workers entrapped in an antlion pit [12], a common predator of many ant species [13].
In sum, our findings establish that, in Cataglyphis cursor, rescue behavior not only is directed exclusively toward nestmates but also the nestmate must be active.
Remarkably, only active nestmates (homocolonial test, condition 1) evoked any form of rescue behavior, and they did so in each of the 9 independent homocolonial tests.
In all other studies to date, the rescue behavior was not experimentally studied and the effect of relatives on rescue behavior remains a mystery – surprisingly so given the important explanatory power of kinship in countless other forms of cooperative behavior [15], [16], as well as newer predictive models of cooperation and altruism [17].
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These rescue behaviors can be seen in the two supporting video files (videos S1 and S2), attached to this paper.
These rescue behaviors of the different charged versions of CpxI were also observed when analyzing the short-term plasticity characteristics from trains of 50 EPSCs at 10 Hz.
To compare overdose rescue behaviors between trained and untrained rescuers among people reporting naloxone rescue kit use; and determine whether heroin use changed after OEND, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among substance users in the Massachusetts OEND program from 2006 to 2010.
Soluble heparin can also rescue signaling behavior in cells that have been stripped of cell surface HSGAGs.
Despite the lack of a genotype × habituation interaction, we investigated the effect of genotype within each habituation condition to address the a priori interest in whether habituation would rescue social behavior in the GluN1hypo mice.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com