After all, they point out, the ability to distinguish good evidence from bad requires reason, but why trust our ability to reason?
In doing so, the administration ran afoul of the Administrative Procedure Act, which requires "reasoned" explanations for government decisions, particularly when they represent reversals of well-studied actions.
However, since the entire payment is made all at one time, an upfront lump sum payment requires reasoned, deliberate financial management.
Given that ethics seemingly requires reasoned reflection on how to realize the good life as persons and as communities, is Chan finally un-ethical or anti-ethical?
In connection with this, Kant suggests that the coherent operation of the understanding somehow requires reason's guiding influence, particularly if we are to unify the knowledge given through the real use of the understanding into scientific theory (cf. A651 52/B679 80).
First, if WRE requires reasoned choices among various live options in moral, political and social theory, this will no doubt reintroduce many of the problems we have already canvassed with regard to using high moral theory in bioethics.
But the secular response to fundamentalism isn't science, it's kumbaya, a campfire that requires reason and ignorance to pay mutual respect, a moral cowardice that values pluralism more than it values values.
Requiring reasons of jurors may well change how jurors make decisions, but without empirical research, we cannot know if these changes are for the better.
Requiring reasons of jurors may not be the panacea we desire, but it seems clear that it will undermine the independence of jurors and juries.
Thus, there are debates about whether knowledge and justification require conclusive reasons or merely very strong reasons, whether they require reasons at all rather than mere reliability or causal connectedness, whether the fact that a belief provides a good explanation of some data, or is natural, or is widely accepted provide epistemic support for that belief.
And Baier (1995) has argued that Sidgwick's account suffers from various ambiguities because he does not clearly distinguish "requiring" reasons from "permissive" ones, which would avoid the contradiction.
