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To Russia's cost, Mr Putin also refuses to see how his handling of the war in Chechnya sullies Russia's reputation too.Russia's tit-for-tat tactics in Chechnya are an outrage in a country that aspires to be an accepted part of the civilised worldDefending against terrorism often requires harsh measures, but it also requires that democratic governments at least strive to hold the moral high ground.
Covalent modification of CNTs requires harsh reaction conditions in superacids, which are known to significantly damage CNTs.
Catalytic depolymerization is dominated by thermochemical transformations to monomeric phenols and typically requires harsh conditions due to the stability of the polyphenolic lignin structure.
However, this technique requires harsh chemical reactions (e.g. azo-coupling) to modify the CNT surface with a hydrophilic group (e.g., –SO3Na).
In contrast to enzymatic cleavage, chemical cleavage offers a less expensive alternative but requires harsh conditions that may cause side-chain modifications.
But synthesis of nanoparticles requires harsh reducing agents (e.g. sodium borohydride, hydroxyl amine), capping agents (e.g. trioctylphosphine oxide) and organic solvents (e.g. toluene, chloroform) as well as high temperature and pressure (Xie et al. 2007).
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A "tough on crime" federal law that requires harsher prison terms for people arrested with crack cocaine than with the powdered version of the drug is scientifically indefensible and hugely unfair.
Bringing this destructive activity to an end will also require harsh penalties".
With the Greeks struggling with deep salary cuts and tax increases, and the government running low on cash, Mr. Samaras has been eager to renegotiate the loan terms that require harsh austerity.
In Greece's parliamentary elections Sunday, voters resoundingly defeated candidates from the two major political parties that earlier this year had agreed to a rescue package — dictated largely by Germany — that required harsh, growth-killing spending cuts in exchange for $171 billion in emergency loans.
That occurred in the 1970s when easy credit created double-digit inflation and then required harsh recessions to suppress it.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com