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Similarly, the repeated assertions [ 71, 72, 76, 77, 80, 81] that the objective of such data manipulations are model (in particular, OLS) requirements for normality of the dependent variable are problematic.
Student's t-test and Pearson test were used for normally distributed data, and a nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney U) and Spearman test applied for data that did not fulfill the requirements for normality.
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However, here the ANOVA does not satisfy the requirement for normality of the residual errors of the model, using a Jarque-Bera test (P<0.01) [33].
Logarithmic transformation of individual capsule means of seed dry weight, fresh weight and moisture content satisfied the requirement for normality and equal variance (with the exception of moisture content for N. pseudonarcissus).
Most of the existing bulk-density pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are formulated as linear (multiple) regression functions, with the requirements for multivariate normality and homoscedasticity.
Comparisons were made using Friedman Rank Sum Tests as implemented in the Stats package for the R software version 2.7.1 [ 12], as the parametric model requirements of normality cannot be assumed.
Traits failing the requirements of normality in the Kolmogorov Smirnov test were transformed through a logarithmic transformation and retested for normalcy.
In order to fulfill the regression requirements of normality and homoscedasticity, each experiment was analyzed separately.
Due to a general deviation from the requirements of normality of most variables, non-parametric univariate statistics (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis) were used for univariate analyses, and Classification Tree for multivariate analyses.
Since some of the immunological variables did not met requirements for parametric testing (normality of residuals), statistical significance for the immune measures was assessed by nonparametric permutation tests.
The fulfilment of the data requirements for parametric analysis (normality, homogeneity of variance) was assessed by specific tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene).
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