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Biotin was first identified as a nutritive requirement of yeast.
In addition, wild type cells showed a similar dose response of growth to added zinc under aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicating that zinc requirement of yeast cells is not greatly altered by the absence of oxygen (data not shown).
If this process was scaled up, the oxygen transfer needs strengthening to ensure the oxygen requirement of yeast.
Additionally, although the model predicts that biomass can only be produced anaerobically if the biomass definition is modified (see Materials and Methods), the reason that simulated anaerobic biomass production using an unmodified biomass definition is blocked is not because of the biological requirement of yeast fatty acid desaturate for oxygen.
Minimum requirement of yeast extract concentration for bioethanol production in S. cerevisiae was tested in the range of 0 7.5 g/l addition (Additional file 3: Figure S3). A. cellulolyticus cell growth and cellulase production were not affected by yeast extract addition (Additional file 3: Figure S3 A and B).
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We develop a new minimal medium containing defined carbon source(s), in which the requirements of yeast extract reported previously for the growth of R. denitrificans can be replaced by vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin).
The study of energy metabolism can therefore provide insights into the maintenance requirements of yeast cells in lignocellulosic fermentations.
The nitrogen requirement of this yeast strain was previously investigated (Morán-Marroquín et al. 2008).
The identification of ESCO1 as an ATM/ATR substrate [27] and the requirement of the yeast ATR ortholog Mec1 for cohesion establishment in G2/M phase [6], [7] strengthen this hypothesis.
The next crucial driving force was the valine requirement of our yeast strains.
Nevertheless, although ergosterol best satisfies the sterol requirement for growth of yeast [32] [34], structure-function studies with different sterols have failed to show the advantage of the double bond at C-7 (Δ5,7 configuration) and C-22 in ergosterol [35].
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