a requirement for palpable tumours, 70% for nonpalpable tumours b Square brackets and italics indicate QIs which were discontinued at the end of 2006 c number of radiation treatments to be recorded; exceptions require justification -- no specified requirement.
The requirement of justification is based on moral equality; and in certain contexts, successful justification leads to the above-named principles of equality, i.e., formal, proportional equality and the presumption of equality.
By imposing an evidential requirement on justification, we seem to solve the Norman problem.
Gaus (2011, 495) holds that the requirement of justification applies to laws that lack "strong interactive effects" with other laws.
Some reliabilists will be inclined to strengthen the requirement for justification by adding a negative requirement, namely, that the agent not believe that her first-order belief is unreliably caused (or what is arguably more in keeping with the spirit of reliabilism that the agent not reliably believe that her first-order belief is so-caused).
Many objections proceed by proposing requirements for justification that are not always satisfied when one has an experience with a given content.
Notwithstanding the characteristic association between public reason liberalism and the requirement of public justification, public justification is the genus and public reason the species.
Rawls held (2005, 140) that the requirement of public justification applies merely to "constitutional essentials" and that public justification is required when "basic questions of justice" are at stake.
As described at some length in the pertinent section above, many egalitarians argue that a presumption in favor of equality follows from this justification requirement.
Jonathan Quong has argued (2004, 233 250) that the requirement of public justification applies first and foremost to laws, a more finely grained kind of principle justifying coercion.
