This paper presents findings from an investigation into requirements for collaboration in e-science in the context of CiteSeer, a search engine and digital library of research literature in the computer and information science disciplines.
Here, creation of common standards and the existence of biomedical infrastructure are key requirements for collaboration across time and space.
Their study represents an investigation of collective collaboration among technical stakeholders, which – solely based on joint project memberships – applies a very broad requirement for establishing collaboration relationships.
A common framework is a necessary but not a sufficient requirement for such collaboration.
Geographical proximity (i.e., working in the same building or in the same neighbourhood) was by most participants experienced as a strong facilitator, but also as a requirement for multisectoral collaboration, one of the programme's cornerstones.
It is also distinct from Nurse Practitioners' clinics, which are a relatively new development in both Australia [ 15] and North America [ 16], in that pharmacy nurses are not necessarily nurse practitioners, services are not offered on a fee-for-service basis and there is no requirement for formal collaboration between pharmacy nurses and medical practitioners.
Commitment of stakeholders is an acknowledged requirement for successful collaborations (Blok et al., 2015; Flipse et al., 2014; Nielsen, 2016).
The requirements for operational collaboration practices in the European maritime industry were identified using three approaches: an industrial survey of 69 associations, companies and institutions in the maritime sector; an analysis of prototype collaboration tools; and through an analysis of literature.
bFollowing Traczynski and Udalova (2013), we define NP independent practice authority as the absence of statutory or regulatory requirements for physician collaboration, delegation, direction, or supervision.
