Exact(4)
The goal of this study was to assess potential participation bias in a program that required voluntary participation of organizations.
SB1232a only required voluntary participation by sheep producers (eventually 18 of 21 agreements were made for the Payette) and was signed into law but presented challenges in that it was not clear whether the state of Idaho or the Forest Service had ultimate control over the outcomes for producers with respect to management and policy for wildlife-livestock interactions.
However, this area was not consistently activated by the oculomotor task we employed here, which required voluntary eye movements to be performed in the dark, that is, in the absence of a visual target.
The area within 1 m of the object only occupied a small portion of the home enclosure, and it required voluntary choice on the part of the monkeys to approach the object.
Similar(56)
Coakley characterized the statements as not being confessions requiring voluntary conditions but merely "admissions" that had no such requirement.
Urban environments can certainly elicit involuntary attention (honking horns in Times Square), but they do so in a harsh, peremptory way that requires voluntary attention to override.
The irrationality hangs on the fact that culpability (and so justified blame or reproach) requires voluntary agency — deliberate wrongdoing or failure to prevent harm where one could have.
The Nuremberg Code and other subsequent rulings require "voluntary, informed consent" for research participation.
Professional vocalists encounter demands requiring voluntary control of phonation, while utilizing a considerable range of frequency and intensity.
3Since 2008, the electoral registers in Turkey are prepared and updated regularly by the state which does not require voluntary registration.
On the one hand, democracy requires voluntary constraints on action, such as commitments to basic rights and to constitutional limits on political power.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com