Some plain speaking is required; starting with the obvious point that tax avoidance or evasion on such a grand scale impoverishes us all.
Knowledge of the topography prior to human-induced erosion (paleotopography) in naturally stable landscapes is valuable for identifying vulnerable landscape positions and is required as starting point for erosion modelling exercises.
Imagining requires some starting point of connection.
On the other hand, the MLE method, not surprisingly, gives the overall best performance, but the optimization (2) requires a starting point quite near the optimal solution so as to avoid getting trapped at a local minimum.
As with all of life, it's a process, and every process requires a starting point.
For example, Wasserthal's [9] suggestion that deep corolla tubes evolve after pollinator shifts is not quite a co-evolutionary explanation and requires as starting point a complex community, with short- and long-tongued pollinator species.
All these algorithms require a starting point to begin segmentation procedure, and their authors have considered different routines for this purpose.
However, the unexpected blocking effects at α1-adrenoceptors indicates that more selective ligands than brucine are required as starting points for the design of specific enhancers of the activity of M1 receptors with therapeutic potential.
The Markov chains require starting values, or "initial" points.
