For example, energy-requiring processes such as protein translation, ion transport, development, or cell cycle progression are slowed or arrested to conserve energy [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].
Wildtype C. elegans exposed to anoxia (growth temperature of 20°C), enter into a state of suspended animation in which energy requiring processes, such as development, cell division, ovulation and egg laying, reversible arrest [32], [33], [34], [35], [36].
Following loss of a positive nutrient signal, Tor signaling is inactivated resulting in inhibition of energy-requiring processes such as protein synthesis [ 40].
Arginine kinase is a phosphagen kinase, these enzymes are prevalent in systems with fluctuating energy demands, acting as an energy buffering system [ 38] and acts as an energy shuttle delivering ATP generated by mitochondria to high energy requiring processes, such as membrane turnover [ 39], crucial when emerging from a dormant state.
The latter is a phosphagen kinase and these enzymes are prevalent in systems with fluctuating energy demands, acting as an energy buffering system [ 61] and also as an energy shuttle delivering ATP generated by mitochondria to high energy requiring processes, such as membrane turnover and potentially shell deposition [ 62].
When animals are subjected to nutrient stress, their metabolism shifts from favoring energy-requiring processes, such as protein synthesis and growth, to energy-generating processes such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
As the redox cofactors are involved in numerous intracellular reactions, perturbations in the levels of these may have cell-wide effects, which was indicated in the transcriptome analysis where genes involved in redox cofactor-requiring processes such as ergosterol synthesis, sulfate assimilation, and ammonia assimilation were differentially expressed 1 hour after pulsing of inhibitors.
In this review, we detail how cardiac-specific TFs function in concert with nucleosome remodeling and histone-modifying enzymes to regulate a diverse network of genes required for processes such as cell growth and proliferation, or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), for instance.
But Smith and others warn that developing a drug to fight this form of blindness won't be easy: Blood vessel growth is required for processes such as wound healing and repairing heart tissue after a heart attack.
Precise localization of individual proteins is required for processes such as motility, chemotaxis, cell-cycle progression, and cell division in bacteria, but the number of proteins that are localized in bacterial species is not known.
