Exact(3)
This tip required pressures exceeding half the capacity of the algometer, and most of the time, did not induce any withdrawal response.
The system is characterized by high gas flows against which the cryopumping system must maintain the required pressures down to 10−3 Pa in the beam line vessel.
Since the available and the required pressures must be equal at the ESP pump's discharge, the simultaneous solution of the two formulas results in the following expression that describes the pressure increase to be developed by the ESP pump: Delta p_{text{pump}} = p_{text{sep}} + Delta p_{text{fl}} + L_{text{perf}} {text{grad}}_{text{l}} + Delta p_{text{fr}} - p_{text{wf}}.
Similar(57)
Convex and hydrofoil shape designs showed significant reduction in the required pumping power as well as the maximum required pressure.
By achieving the minimum required pressure inside the penetrometer, mercury flowed and surrounded the sample.
The standard procedure for their design is to search for the minimum cost, which is produced by the smaller diameters capable of maintaining the minimum required pressure.
Previously polyethylene had to be made by a process requiring pressures of about 1,000 atmospheres, and polypropylene of useful properties was not commercially important.
Patients who require pressures higher than 7.5 PSI should not be treated with this method.
The DRA polymer is much more difficult to dissolve in ethane, however, requiring pressures of more than 20 MPa.
Pressure-induced changes in the chemical or electronic structure of solids require pressures well into the Giga-Pascal (GPa) range due to the strong bonding.
Addressing scientific challenges in areas such as catalysis, corrosion, and geochemistry can require pressures much higher than the ∼20 mbar achievable with a differentially pumped environmental TEM.
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