Sentence examples for required mutation from inspiring English sources

To introduce the required mutation into the 5′ flank the Invitrogen GeneTailor site-directed mutagenesis system was used.

Rather, the evolutionary trajectory required mutation of other genes in the cytokinesis pathway but in precise order according to the fitness landscape of the mutations and allele combinations.

While the cysteine appears not to be required, mutation of the R and V to the K and M found in macaques impaired human tetherin signaling.

To dissect selection against NAGNAG creations from other evolutionary pressures, we focused only on cases where the required mutation has to occur (i) within the exon and is synonymous or (ii) within the intron.

For gene disruption purposes, the frameshift mutation is the required mutation, which can be selectively identified by the proper design of the primers.

In this work, ES cells were transfected by electroporation with a construct containing a specific genomic sequence harbouring the required mutation, along with the neomycin phophortransferase positive selection cassette (NEO) for selection of positive recombinants, flanked by two homology sequences ("arms") driving the recombination [ 2, 3].

As the number of required mutations increases, stochastic effects caused by the slower growth decrease the proportion of these mutants (fig. S5) (6).

DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of required mutations.

Additionally, the evolving capability for sustained transmission across species barriers represents a major adaptive challenge, because the number of required mutations is often large [ 51].

Having only one of the required mutations is either selectively neutral or deleterious, however when an individual has only one mutation, small amounts of the protein with both mutations will be produced due to phenotypic mutations.

Recessive reduced fitness mutations, requiring mutation of both alleles, were found to be quantitatively insignificant [17].