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Assuming η = u i + α j + β'x it, it is easy to show that and, therefore, the marginal probabilities can be computed by the following equation π itj = γ itj - γ it (j -1) (7) To write the required likelihood function, one can form J indicator random variables y itj, where y itj = 1 if Y it = j, and y itj = 0 if otherwise.
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The updates required likelihood functions giving the marginal probability of observing a single parameter value given all other parameters plus the data; for transformed growth, the likelihood functions were Gaussian for both individual species parameters and the hyperparameters, so the model consists of Gaussian species distributions nested within a Gaussian hyperdistribution.
However, the calculation of AICc and BIC scores requires likelihood functions of the models.
On the other hand, under hypothesis ℋ 0, we need to determine the unknown parameters {μ0,Σ0} required by likelihood function in the numerator of ΛSG,l(X) in (14).
They require the likelihood function and its gradient evaluation (score), and might demand the Fisher information matrix (FIM) computation.
In the derivation of AIC, it is only required that the likelihood function is maximized; consistency is not required.
The likelihood function required is: left({displaystyle {prod}_{i=1}^mfleft {t}_iright)}right){left(F(T right)}^{n-m}.
Firstly, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation is used for the time-invariant parameter estimation which exploits a non-Gaussian filter, namely the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) for state estimation required to compute the likelihood function.
However, the lack of an explicit likelihood function requires highly demanding computational efforts.
This transitional likelihood function requires the data to be sampled at short time intervals.
Each sample step requires evaluation of the likelihood function, for which the ODE system has to be solved numerically.
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