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The key results of the scaling of PCD and required integration time are similar for other comparable geometries (data not shown).
These values were chosen to approximate the analysis in Figure 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09652.009 10.7554/eLiFigure52.01 figuree 1—figure supplement 7. Required Integration time.
The required integration time is minimised for a material thickness equal to twice the exponential attenuation length.
The figure shows the required integration time (y-axis) for (N=131072) source particles using different number of sink particles (number of threads, x-axis).
The required integration time for selected Paracrine Communication Distance values shown in linear (left) and log (right) sclaes.
For diffusion coefficient values of ∼10 100 μm/s and a PCD of 100 μm (similar to the distance measured in Figure 3) integration times ranged between 0.5 to 5 min. Given that ERK activation is observed only after 5 min post-activation, the required integration time does not pose an issue.
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This paper reports on a case study of the use of visualization of geospatial data that is distributed across data sets and requires integration over time and space to aid decision makers.
For instantaneous latent heat flux (λE) estimates from thermal remote sensing data to be useful in the hydrologic sciences, they require integration over longer time frames (e.g., months to years).
However, such approach would reduce the effective receiver area for the intended signal and therefore require longer integration time for signal detection.
By using the navigation data bit aiding and frequency aiding from an external source, Akos et al. [4] showed that in acquisition stage signals with carrier-to-noise-density ratios (C/N0) of 32, 22, 17, and 12 dB-Hz can be detected requiring coherent integration time of at least 8, 200, 400, and 800 ms, respectively.
Microspheres can also be used in dual-color fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy for monitoring fast enzymatic cleavage reaction that requires short integration time [ 7, 8].
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