In order to compare resources of different quality we used emergy analysis, assessing the amount of solar energy required, directly and indirectly, for a certain production.
This decrease in translation further impairs the response of E. coli cells to the acidic growth conditions, and the expression of proteins required directly or indirectly for adaption to this environment also changed (Fig. 1E and 1F).
Taken together, these data indicate that Tim is required, directly or indirectly, for multiple mitotic events, including chromosome condensation, sister chromatid cohesion, bipolar microtubule organization, and microtubule assembly on condensed chromatin.
Goa1p is required (directly or indirectly) for a number of cell processes [ 16- 20].
We therefore sought to test whether replication was required, directly or indirectly, for phage DNA movement.
The third function of Chp is required, directly or indirectly, to subdivide the apical membrane into rhabdomere and stalk.
Cdk1 activity is required, directly or indirectly, at various levels in SAC control, from kinetochore recruitment and activation of SAC proteins to their inhibitory effects on APC/C.
This suggests that FOXL2 is required directly or indirectly for efficient target regulation by ESR2 and AR, but not by NR5A1.
First, the data indicate that at E10.5 and beyond the surface ectoderm is a crucial source of Wnt ligands that are required, directly or indirectly, for optic cup morphogenesis.
In the lau mutant ear, we found dramatic alteration of expression of genes coding for ECM core proteins or modifying enzymes, suggesting that Gpr126 signalling is required directly or indirectly for their regulation.
