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At the repair level, DNA-PKcs is absolutely required for end joining at all investigated DSBs, while ATM is dispensable although promoting repair fidelity.
Given that ATM is both involved in this process and in accurate repair, but not required for end joining itself, an interesting hypothesis would be that these events might help to increase the repair fidelity.
DNA-PKcs is a core component of the NHEJ machinery that allows both synapsis of DNA ends and the stable recruitment of the XRCC4/DNA Ligase 4 complex, required for end joining (Calsou et al., 2003).
However, deletion of MRE11 or EXO1, which are the nucleases required for end resection, did not alleviate the SC of yku70 Δ tel1 Δ, suggesting that SC was not the result of increased DNA end resection.
The Sgs1 interacting partners Top3 and Rmi1 are also required for end resection, but their roles appear to be structural rather than catalytic (Zhu et al. 2008; Niu et al. 2010).
The complex forms rings around microtubules in vitro (Miranda et al. 2005; Westermann et al. 2005) and can track the plus ends of microtubules (Asbury et al. 2006; Westermann et al. 2006; Gestaut et al. 2008), although the ring structure is not necessarily required for end tracking (Gestaut et al. 2008).
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We conclude that the microtubule depolymerizer Kif2B is not required for end-on conversion.
We investigated the time required for end-of-life decisions, subsequent withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and the time to death.
It is also currently unclear how the Mre11 Rad50 and HerA NurA complexes co-operate to generate the 3′ single-stranded tails required for end-resection.
ASMA is an excellent smooth muscle cell [ 23] marker because it is the first known protein expressed in SMC differentiation during development and is required for end-stage differentiation [ 24].
However, in order to demonstrate that the improved Tt value (smaller number) also indicates that the shortened amplification time required for end-point detection, two detection methods were used at the same time in this study.
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