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Given the same file size, lower traffic density leads to a greater required cluster size.
For a pre-specified available number of clusters (k), investigators need instead to determine the required cluster size (m).
Corrections were based on the total number of voxels in the area being considered (418 for primary a priori AOEs; 9,308 for secondary a priori AOEs; 200,000 for the whole brain [i.e., not a priori]), divided by the required cluster size.
From an estimate of the number of clusters available, it is relatively straightforward to determine the required cluster size for each of the clusters.
In many situations, even a slight increase in the ICC has a great influence on power and leads to a major increase in the required cluster size to keep the desired power.
For the fMRI analyses, the threshold for significance was set at an alpha of 0.01 and we controlled for multiple comparisons by setting the required cluster size at 10 voxels in native space (3.438 × 3.438 × 4 mm), or 500 voxels after the data were resampled to 1 mm isotropic voxels.
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These simulations indicated that requiring cluster size ≤97 voxels, and each voxel with an activation difference at p uncorr) = 0.005, provided a whole-brain family-wise corrected false positive rate p(FWE-corr) = .05.05
Moreover, for a given level of ICC (and Type I and II errors) in a cluster randomized study, increasing the average cluster size reduces the number of required clusters, while increasing the total sample size.
To keep 80% power, the required mean cluster size should be increased to 98 for an ICC of 0.05, which represents 1095 more subjects per arm.
The number of required clusters, k, was estimated by dividing the number of total support calls in the sample, approximately 10,000, by the target cluster size of 250 support calls, resulting in an estimate of 40 clusters.
To implement corrections for multiple comparisons at the P < 0.05 level, we used Monte Carlo simulations implemented in AFNI's AlphaSim to identify the required cluster-size threshold, given the voxel-wise probability and the volume in the statistical map (see below) separately for each of the tests in a conjunction.
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