Coles et al. introduced the idea of the shadow cost of absenteeism: the relatively high wage paid by firms requiring a low level of absenteeism, to compensate workers for attending work reliably [17].
However, some buildings require a low level of heating during unoccupied periods to avoid condensation/frost damage or to prevent the building from becoming too cold while for others it may be more important to reduce peak heating requirements at startup.
Resting naïve T cells in secondary lymphoid organs are quiescent in nature requiring a low level of TCR signaling from self peptide-MHC ligands to maintain immune homeostasis [4].
Together these results showed that i) blue light or salt alone had a stimulatory effect on those genes only which require a low level of active SigB, e.g. arsC and opuCD, ii) full induction required both blue light and salt stress and was dependent on Lmo0799, iii) the blue light and osmotic effects were strictly dependent on SigB.
Breathing patterns are affected by many factors, and stable activation and rhythm require a low level of disturbance.
Solar pumps drawing from dug-wells This high-level technology is high cost, but efficient and requires a low level of maintenance.
Together, these data strongly argue that vulval morphogenesis requires a low level of LIN-12/Notch signaling activation, while vm2 postsynaptic specification requires a relatively high level of LIN-12/Notch activity.
Generating reliable alignments among the PE reads and the contigs is relatively straightforward because both are from the same genetic background, thus requiring a low level of variant tolerance in the alignments.
High levels of EGF signaling at the distal region of the D. melanogaster leg disc are also initiated by Dll and are required for the development of the pretarsus and distal tarsus; more proximal regions may require a low level of EGF signaling (Campbell 2002; Galindo et al. 2002, 2005).
It appears therefore that early fruit development requires a low level of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and that this level is already low enough in the zucchini ovary at anthesis, but it has to decrease in tomato during the first days after anthesis.
