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Formally, the simulator computes the amount of requested segments intercepted by the cache (r_c), and the amount of segments that resulted in hit (h_c), i.e, the amount of segments that were served by the cache over a simulation time.
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Without rate adaptation, the rate of the requested segment may exceed the transmission rate that the wireless channel can support.
Using the metadata contained in MPD (Media Presentation Description), the unique URL of the requested segment can be constructed.
With the time when to send the segment request known, how to select the requested segment to adapt to the time-varying channel states becomes a crucial problem to be solved.
To keep the continuous playback, the next requested segment should be transmitted to the client during the time we estimated above.
If (P)'s request should be directed to nodes inside its ISP but none of these nodes has the requested segment, the request is directed to nodes outside the ISP.
Conventional strategies usually request segment with fixed time interval [1] or only consider the status of client buffer [6].
Shaky videos of the flood zone shot from the back seats of military helicopters were the most-requested segments this weekend at KXMC, which for the last week has provided nonstop, live coverage of the flood — a remarkable feat for any station, but especially one that has a news staff of 15. "We show every second that we capture," said Perry Olson, the station's morning anchor.
All segments are downloaded at a constant throughput, calculated as the size of all segments requested during the section divided by the duration of the session.
In this work, we assume that peers' request for segments are chosen in proportion to the number of peers in-si-de/out-si-de the ISP.
If no MS that holds the segment is available, it will request the segment via 3G/4G.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com