A courtly "republic of scholars," it nurtured and fostered the natural sciences as well as philosophy, poetry, and mathematics, and translations as well as original writing, both in Latin and in the vernacular.
The distinction existed during the middle and late republic, but modern scholars do not agree on when or how it arose; they are increasingly inclined to think that it originated and evolved slowly during the early republic.
"Conservatives used to be in favor of holding students to high standards and an academic curriculum based on great works of Western civilization and the American republic," two education scholars, Kathleen Porter-Magee and Sol Stern, wrote in National Review Online.
GDP per capita in countries like the Central African Republic, Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have fallen over this same period.Many scholars still blame the continent's economic woes on the legacy of western colonialism.
Some scholars believe that the Republic, narrated by Socrates in the first person, is itself that first speech, but the dramatic dates of the two dialogues, as well as certain internal difficulties, makes that impossible.
Similarly, Gan Yang, a neo-Confucian Hong Kong scholar, envisions a "Confucian Socialist Republic" that would unite China's ancient and modern political traditions.
Mocenigo Family, one of the most renowned patrician families of the Venetian Republic, to which it supplied military leaders, scholars, churchmen, diplomats, and statesmen, including seven doges.
His figure was popular among the Marxist scholars of the People's Republic, who stressed his materialist, determinist and anti-clerical views.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/332/prepub The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 81360667) and by a research grant for Yangtze River scholar, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (No: IRT0977).
The appearance or reappearance on the map of the post-Soviet republics — in part, as scholars have pointed out, because of the "indigenization" policy instituted by Lenin and Stalin — has also prompted a lot of productive work on the experiences of the Soviet periphery.
The subsequent Twelve Years' Truce (1609 1621) between Spain and the Dutch Republic would have ended Standish's service, although scholars are uncertain whether Standish was still in active service.
