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Scientists are hopeful that a relatively new field of research in which mature skin cells are reprogrammed back to an embryonic-like state will ultimately make it unnecessary to destroy embryos, but that day is not here.
The cloning of Dolly the Sheep over a decade ago demonstrated that adult somatic cells could reprogrammed back to a state of pluripotency [1].
Furthermore, complete absence of Utx completely abolishes the ability of somatic cells to be reprogrammed back to the ground state of pluripotency (Mansour et al, 2012).
In addition, a few studies have demonstrated that a small fraction of mouse SSCs can be reprogrammed back to embryonic stem-like cells [ 5- 9].
However, mature cells can be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state by artificially introducing certain proteins (known as 'reprogramming factors') into the mature cells.
In another scenario, for which the term "personalized pluripotent cells" has been coined, people could use their own somatic cells to be reprogrammed back to the pluripotent cell state [ 3].
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In fact, LIN28 has only been recently implicated in human somatic cell reprogramming back to the pluripotent state [ 21], indicating its importance in ES cells.
These domains can more easily be reprogrammed back than pluripotency "indicator" EtoL domains.
Interestingly, lineage-dependent EtoL and LtoE changes, occurring after the late epiblast stage, are easier to reprogram back than lineage-independent EtoL switches.
They discovered that all they had to do was add four genes and a cell would reprogram itself back to its original state when it was a stem cell in an embryo.
The two developments led to the concept of therapeutic cloning — take a patient's skin cell, say, insert it into an unfertilized human egg so as to reprogram it back to pluripotent state, and then develop embryonic stem cells for conversion into the tissue or organ that the patient needed to have replaced.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com