She argues that it was the emerging capitalist class need to control working class reproduction, to eliminate working class women's control over biological reproduction, and to assure their unpaid reproductive work in the home by restricting abortions, that fueled the campaign against witches during this period (Federici 2004).
And one of those sometimeses applies to humans for women, who usually cease to be fertile in their mid-40s, routinely live until their 70s or 80s.Part of the explanation is that a woman has not truly finished her reproductive work until her last child has reached an age at which he can fend for himself.
Women play an important role in the rural labour market while carrying the main bulk of reproductive work.
Harding mentions as examples a generalisation of the traditional male dichotomy of "labour" and "leisure" that cannot easily be applied to traditionally female reproductive work [38].
It is the sexual division of labor in productive and reproductive work that makes woman unequal to men and allows capitalists to exploit women's unpaid labor.
The agricultural transformation is gendered, and due to reproductive work, women do not have the same opportunities in the paid labour market.
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the association with demographic, reproductive work variables in a representative cohort of working nurses and midwives.
Jaggar's 1983 book summed up well the way feminists were using socialist and Marxist ideas to understand the way women were exploited and their laboring and reproductive work devalued and unpaid though necessary for capitalism to function.
Leveraging these contributions will require recognising and supporting women's unpaid reproductive work (including community organising and strategizing around environmental improvements) and applying the principles of inclusive urban planning.
Only project group 5 tackles (from page 645 onwards in an 844-page report) social problems such as the "gender pay gap", women's part-time jobs, a new understanding of labour and the fact that reproductive work, which includes care and voluntary work and is of great relevance to a more sustainable economy, amounts to two thirds of the labour needed by society.
