For timber species, the overriding disruption occurs via reductions in the seed source through removal of reproductive trees from the population.
For analyses of pollination success and fruit production (2 4) we also included median values of the mean distance to the two nearest flowering trees (for pollination success) or fruiting trees (for fruit production) as an independent variable to account for possible effects of differences between species in the density of reproductive trees.
The proportion of reproductive trees was higher in the control group (66%) than in the selected one (51%) (14.3 P < 0.001).
The Myristicaceae have been studied here for 10 years, and detailed information is available on the sex of each reproductive tree.
We hope that the identification of cytokinin signaling and homeostasis pathway from two hardwood tree species may serve as a reference upon which functional analyses can be developed to determine the role that cytokinin plays in vegetative and reproductive tree development.
The number of regenerating individuals was similar among vegetation types even though Araucaria forest and Araucaria plantation areas sustained a higher number of reproductive adult trees.
The presence of reproductive age trees at the treeline, mainly growing on debris-rich and steep slope sites, could indicate that the recruitment process will increase in future, leading to patchy tree patterns at different elevations.
According to their first reproductive event, trees were assigned to female (F, those that started their reproductive life as females, i.e. ontogenetically protogynous), male (M, those that started their reproductive life as males, i.e. ontogenetically protandrous) or cosexual (C, those that started their reproductive life with both female and male strobili) groups.
In this study we use spatially-explicit data from long-term monitoring of seedlings, saplings in the neighbourhoods of large arborescent Arecaceae (mostly Iriartea deltoidea) and reproductive Myristicaceae trees in a large forest dynamics plot in western Amazonia to examine the potential structuring effect of falling leaves and branches on tropical forest communities.
In general, bark beetles outbreaks rely on the combination of multiple factors including bark beetle population parameters (e.g., fecundity, reproductive rate), tree and stand characteristics (e.g., type, age and abundance of host tree), abiotic factors (e.g., strong winds, avalanches, landslides), and human-caused disturbance (Gilbert and Grégoire 2003).
In brief, genomic DNA from one reproductive-sized tree of T. cumingiana that grows in the 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot (FDP) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama (9°10′N, 79°51′W; tag no. 199017), was used for PacBio 500-bp SMRTbell library preparation.
