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Toxorhynchites mosquitoes are also interesting from a chemoreception perspective because, unlike the vast majority of hematophagous mosquitoes, adults have no reproductive requirement to engage in host-seeking behaviors.
Notably, there are three nonhematophagous mosquito genera (Malaya, Topomyia, and Toxorhynchites) that lack a reproductive requirement for blood meals and do not exhibit host-seeking behavior(s).
Taken together, our analyses show that in its divergence from Ae. aegypti, T. amboinensis not only lost its reproductive requirement for the taking of blood meals but also experienced a measurable, diminution in the qualitative complexity of peripheral chemoreceptive coding.
Many mosquito species serve as vectors of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, wherein pathogen transmission is tightly associated with the reproductive requirement of taking vertebrate blood meals.
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Plants must meet mechanical as well as physiological and reproductive requirements for survival.
When Knox and Baker analyzed genes active in a fully developed human placenta, collected after birth, they found that more than a quarter of those were primate-specific, suggesting that the placentas of different species evolved new sets of genes to deal with unique reproductive requirements.
Further, we hypothesized that female fishers, because of their smaller body size than males, greater vulnerability to predation, and specific reproductive requirements, would be more selective than males for mid- to late-seral forest communities, where complex forest structural elements provide secure foraging, resting, and denning sites.
Our results provide further evidence that the CEA gene family is shaped by pathogen-host interaction and species-specific reproductive requirements.
As all females have the same reproductive requirements in terms of for example egg production and oviposition, this might outweigh any behavioural differences between the morphs.
Sex-specific energy budgets are a well established concept owing to different reproductive requirements, especially in highly migratory pelagic fish [ 78- 80].
Other proposed advantages of polyploidy relate to relaxation of reproductive system requirements, via loss of self-incompatibility [ 24] and/or potential for agamospermy [ 21, 25].
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