In all, the modified insects' reproductive rates were much lower.
"Mortality rates are much higher than reproductive rates.
Small mammals of the Arctic tundra have high reproductive rates.
Reproductive rates in loons contaminated with mercury can drop by as much as 40percentt, according to Mr. Evers.
Unlike rodents and some other mammals, primates generally live longer and have slow reproductive rates.
Dr. Ohsumi says that only whale carcasses can provide "ear plugs for age determination studies; reproductive organs for examination of maturation, reproductive cycles and reproductive rates; stomachs for analysis of food consumption; and blubber thickness as a measure of condition".
Manta rays are thought to be especially vulnerable to exploitation because they are slow to mature and have low reproductive rates.
Reproductive rates were age-specific, while harvest and natural mortality rates were age- and sex-specific.
Furthermore, variation in resource availability will influence reproductive rates, especially among fawn females.
Cattle productivity parameters are more stable, but the overall productivity has decreased and reproductive rates were particularly low.
The highest and lowest net reproductive rates (R0) were recorded for non-treated and treated individuals, respectively.
