Sentence examples for reproductive offspring from inspiring English sources

Likewise we follow the definition of Pyšek et al. for invasive plants: "naturalized plants that produce reproductive offspring, often in very large number, at considerable distances from the parent plants, and thus have the potential to spread over a large area".

Queens infected by C. bombi have a reduced success in colony founding (Brown et al., 2003), and produce fewer reproductive offspring (Brown et al., 2003), while infected workers experience a higher mortality rate under stressful conditions (Brown et al., 2000).

Offspring production occurs at two moments: a fixed number of N workers are produced before the start of the working phase, and reproductive offspring is produced at the end of the working phase.

According to Richardson et al. (2000), an invasive terrestrial plant species is a naturalized alien species that produces reproductive offspring, often in very large numbers, at considerable distance from parent plants, and thus has the potential to spread over extensive areas.

From the point of colony foundation, inbreeding can only increase within colonies due to the inbreeding cycles of generations of neotenic reproductives (offspring of the colony) that propagate the colony after the death of the founders.

Fourth, we tested whether important proxies of reproductive fitness (offspring number, offspring size, age at first reproduction) are affected by brain size evolution.

Consider some of the evidence related to reproductive problems: Offspring of Russian rats fed GM soy showed a five-fold increase in mortality, lower birth weights, and the inability to reproduce.

We recorded complete life histories for mothers and for one generation of their all reproductive female offspring (n  =  704).

Selection was studied in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), a small mammal with high phenotypic and genetic variation in life-history traits, such as reproductive effort, offspring size and number [19].

Results of the Light and Moisture Experiments generally confirmed these population-specific evolutionary changes in reproductive allocation, offspring size, total achene mass and number (Supplement 1).

In mammals, clutch size generally decreases with increasing body size [ 21], thus gigantism is likely to be associated with lower reproductive effort/fewer offspring.