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Furthermore, even if individuals could avoid a decrease in litter size by skipping reproduction, their lifetime reproductive output, and thus population growth rate, would still decrease with reduced sea ice, because the potential gain in litter size comes at the expense of an increased inter-birth interval.
He is an active biomedical researcher running a laboratory which investigates how cells control their reproduction, their shape and their overall growth.
Since the cattle ponds are regularly used for amphibian reproduction, their massive abandonment therewith weakens the population network and puts the local occurrence of some of the rarer species at risk.
Although parasites are ubiquitous and often weaken their hosts or curtail their reproduction, their overall role in an ecosystem--in particular how they factor into the energy flow through the food web--is a mystery.
The first invasive populations were triploid females with gynogenetic reproduction; their MHC genotypes were probably infrequent in the new invaded habitats.
Although PUFAs play an important role in the regulation of reproduction, their role in testis development in the rooster is unknown.
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This methodology could be applicable to many other unisexual lineages to improve our understanding of their reproduction and their ability to persist.
Various factors could have contributed, including their fissiparous reproduction and their capability to resist high water temperatures.
The success of the grasses results from their tolerance of grazing herbivores and fire, their varied means of reproduction, and their versatility in photosynthesis.
Life-history theory predicts that individuals should increase investment in reproduction as their residual reproductive value decreases.
Malthus ignored the means by which people limit their reproduction or increase their food supply, characterising the poor, in effect, as unthinking beasts.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com