Sentence examples for reproduction selection from inspiring English sources

The algorithm consists of initialization, evaluation, reproduction (selection), cross over and mutation.

The natural evolutional processes of reproduction, selection, crossover, and mutation are applied using probability rules to evolve the new and better generations.

Assuming a trade-off between nuclear migration and fast reproduction, selection for fast reproduction implies selection against nuclear migration or, alternatively, the absence of selection for nuclear migration may have eroded the genes required for nuclear migration.

More generally, if a species switches from obligate outcrossing to obligate asexual reproduction, selection is expected to reduce the mutation rate if N a > 2 N e s −, which suggests that truly asexual species with very large population sizes will likely harbor particularly accurate replication systems.

The steps of any genetic algorithm are representation of the solutions of the problem, creation of an initial population of solutions, fitness function or evaluation function, population, and genetic operators (crossover and mutation) which change the genetic characteristics of offspring during reproduction, parent selection, and survivor selection.

Training datasets are given to the GA, and the reproduction or selection operator selects above-average strings among others and insert their multiple copies in the mating pool based on a probabilistic procedure.

If the phenotypic effect impacts survival and reproduction, natural selection operates on SNP alleles [ 3].

In the discrete-time models (the standard model and the sequential-updating model), the following processes occur at each timestep: host reproduction, host selection, host mutation, pathogen reproduction, pathogen selection, and pathogen mutation.

Genetic algorithms for an optimization problem operate on a population of individuals or candidate solutions over a sequence of generations with reproduction and selection mimicking the "survival of the fittest".

During regression analysis, genes with overrepresented GO terms were encoded as 1 versus the remaining genes that were encoded as 0. Similarly, genes located on the X chromosome were encoded as 1 and genes located on autosomes were numbered as 0. Genes that are involved in reproduction, sexual selection and sexual conflict have become a paradigm for the role of selection in molecular evolution.

In the past studies, genetic algorithm (GA) is developed by observing the processes of reproduction, natural selection and mutation in animals and utilized to tackle UCP [16].