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In conclusion, males maximize their reproduction probability by adopting a double tactic and by following market fluctuations.
Many males can compete and occasionally obtain female access but only top scent-releasers and groomers reach the highest mating priority and rates, thus maximizing their reproduction probability.
After this phase individuals reproduce within each time step with the reproduction probability λ.
For survival probability, reproduction probability, and overall fitness, invasive types tended to perform better at the higher salinities than ancestral range types, both sexual and clonal.
For each lineage at each salinity level, we calculated the reproduction probability as the percent of individuals that both survived and reproduced for each type at each treatment level.
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They usually reach prime-age (in terms of mating) at six to seven years old, with survival and reproduction probabilities generally declining thereafter [ 23].
Moreover, the QIM scheme allows the reproduction error probability to be made arbitrary small by increasing the quantization width at the cost of leakage.
Since at any time point a cell has to be chosen for reproduction, the probability of selecting a normal cell for replication is given by the equation below [ 13]: If this process continues for a very long time, the result will ultimately be a state where either all the cells are normal (extinction, Figure 3a) or all the cells are mutated (fixation, Figure 3d).
From Table 1 the best chromosomes are randomly selected for the reproduction with a probability proportional to the fitness value so to give more chances to the best chromosomes respect to the worst ones which risk the extinction.
An objective function based on geostatistical variance reduction, constrained to the reproduction of the probability distribution functions of selected physical and chemical sediment variables, is applied to the selection of the best set of compliance monitoring stations in the Sado river estuary in Portugal.
Thus ponds having MCS of less than 2 males are less likely to support reproduction, and the probability of successful breeding decreases as MCS decreases.
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