Sentence examples for reproduction is expected from inspiring English sources
In a society of highly related or even clonal organisms kin conflict over reproduction is expected to be reduced if not entirely absent.
In theory, the loss of sexual reproduction is expected to result in the accumulation of deleterious mutations.
Obviously, any increase in energy allocation to reproduction is expected to slow down growth (Heino and Kaitala 1999).
These case studies of fishes reflect a pattern evident across multiple taxa and demonstrate that not only the survival cost of reproduction is expected from the basis of life-history theory (Bell 1980; Stearns 1989) but that it is also commonly detected in natural populations (e.g., Sinervo and DeNardo 1996; Silvertown and Dodd 1999; Proaktor et al. 2008; for reviews see Bell 1980; Reznick 1985).
Adult insects that rely on energy-rich nectar income for flight, survival and reproduction are expected to be much more affected than insects that rely on their larval reserves.
Survival costs to reproduction are expected to increase as age and size at maturity decline.
More specifically, genes involved in sexual maturation and reproduction are expected to be expressed at higher levels in the brain of sexually mature males compared to immature males.
The gain of self-reproduction through self-sperm production is expected to select for reduction in the mating drive of these newly evolved hermaphrodites.
Because plasma testosterone levels are typically positively correlated with both aggression and reproduction, aggression is expected to be higher when males are in reproductive condition.
More generally, if a species switches from obligate outcrossing to obligate asexual reproduction, selection is expected to reduce the mutation rate if N a > 2 N e s −, which suggests that truly asexual species with very large population sizes will likely harbor particularly accurate replication systems.
If the maintenance of specific gene combinations is required to maintain viable populations in human-disturbed habitats, then the male and female clonal reproduction system of W. auropunctata is expected to be advantageous in these habitats, because it lacks recombination, contrary to a sexual reproduction system.
