In a general interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) model, both the system and user have their own role in the evolution, such as individual reproduction or evaluation.
The effects of learning with the example were verified through a comparison of the solving, reproduction, or evaluation groups in this investigation as experimental groups with those of the previous study as a control group.
We compared the control group with the solving, reproduction-s, reproduction-f, and evaluation groups using the chi-square test, with the results indicating a significant difference between the reproduction-s and control groups (χ 2(2) = 11.36, p < .01).01
The solving group learned the example through a comprehension task, whereas the reproduction-s, reproduction-f, and evaluation groups did so through a production task.
Therefore, RQ2 was verified in the reproduction-s, reproduction-f, and evaluation groups, demonstrating that learning the example through a production task facilitated its transfer to the undergraduates' problem posing.
Undergraduates in the solving, reproduction-s, reproduction-f, and evaluation groups posed 372 problems in the problem-posing task, 68 of which were excluded because they were in domains other than the base (e.g., solved with inequalities) or unsolvable due to insufficient or contradictory constraints.
The new generation will repeatedly apply the evaluation, reproduction, crossover, and mutation operations.
The algorithm consists of initialization, evaluation, reproduction (selection), cross over and mutation.
There are mainly five components in GA: the random number generator, fitness evaluation, reproduction operation, crossover operation, and mutation operation.
