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The challenge is now to understand how seedling survival correlates to adult survival and reproduction, beyond the obvious requirement that trees survive the seedling stage to reach reproductive age, to refine estimates of variance and heritability, and to understand the role of pathogen variation in the disease interaction.
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This formulation widened the realm of sexuality beyond reproduction, by proposing that genital activity does not encompass all of sexuality, because sexual activity can be observed long before biological maturity and can occur without leading to reproduction.
What might cancer, as a self-referential agency, be seeking beyond reproduction of a clonal lineage?
To bring attention to disregard of feminist perspectives, Susan Wolf undertook a project at the Hastings Center which led to the anthology Feminism and Bioethics: Beyond Reproduction (1996).
We hypothesise that the artisanal fishery may not be currently exploiting mature female individuals because females retreat to deeper waters prior to reproduction, thus remaining beyond the reach of the fishery.
Among the Maasai in Tanzania, condom use is hampered by an aversion to "wasting" sperm, which is given sociocultural importance beyond reproduction.
While stable-breeding bonds are found in numerous taxa, human marriages have wide significance beyond reproduction.
Nevertheless, in tunicates GnRH and GnRH receptors have functions beyond reproduction [ 49].
The long-term follow-up of the very elderly populations has provided evidences for adaptive capacity of certain physiologic systems and promoted long-term survival beyond reproduction [ 68].
Moreover, although the original question involved the mechanism of obtaining functionality despite high mutation rates, no function beyond reproduction was incorporated in these models.
Similar mutations in mice extended female lifespan (and reproduction at ages beyond 9 months), but reduced reproduction at 7 months to about half that of wildtype mice (Holzenberger et al. 2003).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com