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TE-derived promoters are significantly enriched for active histone modifications, and depleted for repressive modifications, relative to the genomic background.
Non-expressed genes showed hallmark patterns of enrichment for the repressive modifications (e.g. H3K9me2 and H3K27me3).
In addition, we recently showed that local repressive modifications at donor chromatin can diminish homologous recombination [12].
Specific repressive modifications associated with XCI in human and mouse were also observed in elephant (a distantly related placental mammal), as was accumulation of XIST RNA.
When overexpressed, CBFβ induced an inhibition of activating histone modification marks concomitant with an increase in repressive modifications at MyoD target promoters.
Few factors were associated with repressive modifications.
Similar(33)
Here, the KDM2 enzymes play an important role in removing H3K36me1/2, a histone modification associated with transcriptional repression, suggesting the KDM2 enzymes protect CpG island regulatory elements from this repressive modification [ 53, 54].
For activating modifications, levels at PTRE-HPRT are displayed relative to the Gapdh promoter; for the repressive modification, dimethyl-K9 H3, results are displayed relative to the Mage promoter.
The repressive modification dimethyl-K9 H3 was low in the HPRT expressing cells (Fig. 5C), measured relative to the silenced Mage-a locus (P-Mage) [26], [27].
There is also an increase of the repressive modification H3K27me3 ([ 31]; W. Kelly unpublished work).
DNA methylation by DNMT3A is also known to be a transcriptionally repressive modification.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com