These data, along with recent findings showing the evening complex (ELF3, ELF4, and LUX) directly binds to the PRR9 promoter to repress transcription, support the repressive action of ELF3 in the core oscillator (Helfer et al., 2011; Nusinow et al., 2011; Chow et al., 2012; Herrero et al., 2012).
In view of these results, v-ErbA seems to have mostly a repressive action on gene transcription because it represses more genes than it activates.
We draw two conclusions from these data: (1) the level of Pho7 bound in high-Pi conditions would be sufficient to induce high levels of transcription if not for the repressive action of Csk1; and (2) Csk1 does not repress Pho7 activity by preventing Pho7 from binding to the promoters of responsive genes.
Both developments led Vietnam's one-party regime to take repressive action against journalists and bloggers who criticized the government's handling of those issues.
In the aftermath of the Commune, the government took harsh repressive action: about 38,000 were arrested and more than 7,000 were deported.
Its symptoms were rage, isolation, secretiveness, and a proclivity for repressive action, and its cause was a war whose necessity only Presidents and their advisers, it seemed, were able to fully understand.
"In our European Union, no citizen must become a target of repressive action just because of belonging to an ethnic minority," Viviane Reding, the European Commissioner for Justice, told the European Parliament.
It continues: "Any action that diminishes that perception not only emboldens autocratic leaders to take repressive action against the media but it erodes the ability of Britain to exercise moral suasion and to defend the rights of the world's most vulnerable journalists".
A spokesman for the student union criticised the government for using "excessive repressive action".
Further studies are needed to explore whether the presence of aromatic (e.g. benzoate) rather than aliphatic (e.g. citrate) C-substrate is able to override the repressive action of inorganic sulfate.
