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For example, all six genes encoding peroxidase, a plant-specific oxidoreductase affecting responses to environmental stimuli [ 70], were repressed, down to 0.01-fold.
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The expression measurement is positive if the gene is induced (turned up) with respect to the reference state and negative if it is repressed (turned down).
We refer to genes with higher expression in mated females than in age-matched virgins as induced or up-regulated, and those with lower expression in mated females as repressed or down-regulated.
Based on I0 and I4, we conclude that the target genes g1 and g2 are induced by the up-expression of tf1 and tf2 and the down-expression of tf3, and the same target genes are repressed by the down-expression of tf1.
"When I was young, I was incredibly repressed and buttoned-down and lonely," Mr. Stein explained.
A prior report demonstrated that HuR knock-down repressed endothelial activation in vitro in response to LPS.
It represents the portion of the process that is always activated in the up-regulating case, and the portion that cannot be repressed in the down-regulating case.
It is notable that the expression levels of induced genes were up-regulated in the spring shoot apex samples of WT and MT genotypes before the floral initiation had occurred and repressed genes were down-regulated.
Here the turquoise module is made of genes that are activated when Oct4 is knocked down, while the black module contains genes that are repressed when Oct4 is knocked down and are down-regulated during retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiation.
The OMP profile showed that the iron-uptake OMPs, repressed by Fur, were down regulated in presence of arabinose and up regulated in absence of arabinose (data not shown; see reference [29]).
Similar to the complete gene list, prior to callus induction more than half of the regulated genes were strongly expressed, but mostly shut down or repressed immediately and permanently upon callogenesis (Cluster 1, 316 genes).
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