For a class-action money judgment to bind absentees in litigation, class representatives must at all times adequately represent absent class members, and absent members must be afforded notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a right to opt out of the class.
She traces her finger round the periphery of the brain of the neglected child, where a white line representing absent neural development can clearly be seen.
Yet another provisional conception of thinking applies the term to any sequence of covert symbolic responses (i.e., occurrences within the human organism that can serve to represent absent events).
NCIs and neuritic pTDP-43 immunostaining in gray and white matter tracts were graded on a scale from 0 to 3 to represent absent to the most abundant pathology and color-coded in six rostral-to-caudal coronal sections at 1, 3, 5, and 9 mpi (Fig. 4).
Each parameter was graded 0 to 4, with 0 representing absent and 4 representing severe.
This is not to say that dogs are incapable of representing absent information or making inferences about hidden objects.
A score of 0-3 (representing absent, mild, moderate and severe) is assigned to each of the two components.
For every specimen, the pathologist assigned a grade from 0 to 3 (representing absent, mild, moderate, or marked, respectively) for each histological parameter.
The TCNS is a 19-point validated clinical neuropathy score in which cumulative scores of 0 5, 6 8, 9 12, and 13 19 represent absent, mild, moderate, and severe neuropathy, respectively (21).
We addressed the question whether these transcriptomes completely consist of orthologous genes or there are genes expressed in one species but with orthologs that are not represented (absent or not expressed) in the other species.
