Obesity, Kaplan said, which represents dysfunction of this system, is likely not one disease but dozens.
Its causes are protean but its manifestations represent dysfunction of specific neurohormonal pathways of the central nervous system.
On the other hand, some authors like Tinetti et al [ 12] and Kao et al [ 13] regard dizziness in the elderly as a "geriatric syndrome", because it represents dysfunction in more than one body system and has multiple predisposing risk factors.
†In Study 3, sample size was smaller for health states representing sexual dysfunction and increased prolactin because each participant rated only the gender-specific health state.
However, no single parameter stands out as representing motor dysfunction in the neck and studies typically use a subset of variables that vary between studies [ 17, 20].
Panel (7 B) shows a flatter brachial artery diameter after release of brachial artery occlusion, representing endothelial dysfunction in an obese adult with circadian BP variability abnormalities.
51 Overall, these molecular changes indicate that, in patients approaching rejection, pathways that function in lymphocyte activities are downregulated (at least in relation to neutrophil activities [see below]), potentially representing immune dysfunction and deficiency.
Each question is scored using a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 3, and subscale raw scores can be transformed to a common score range of 0 100 with 0 representing no dysfunction.
Although an elevated NP most likely represents cardiac dysfunction even in the critically ill patient, they lack discriminating power to identify what type of cardiac dysfunction is present and cannot be compared with the application of echocardiography, which should be routinely used in critically ill patients with underlying cardiac dysfunction.
This is argued to represent the dysfunction and slow repair of an online verbal associative process in the brain following inadequate sleep.
