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Decision-makers focus on representing biodiversity pattern, maintaining connectivity, and strengthening resilience to global warming when designing marine protected area (MPA) systems, especially in coral reef ecosystems.
Alternative spatial alignments for 6 railway corridors were derived based on criteria representing biodiversity, resource efficiency and costs, developed from ecological and geological knowledge, data and models.
The problem was formulated as a multi-objective integer programming model, with objective functions representing biodiversity, water run-off and carbon sequestration.
Spatially explicit cost data can assist planners in representing biodiversity features cheaply where possible, while still ensuring that irreplaceable areas are allocated a high priority regardless of their cost.
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Consequently, "surrogates" must be chosen to represent biodiversity.
People don't preserve the giant panda or tiger because these animals represent biodiversity but because they touch the emotions.
Nevertheless, cells may sometimes have high biodiversity value even if the present prognosis for their biodiversity content is grim provided that the represented biodiversity features are irreplaceable elsewhere.
However, at landscape scale, it is highly impractical to measure and map all elements of biodiversity, and therefore, biodiversity surrogates are commonly used to represent biodiversity values.
There is concern about the reliability of surrogate measures to represent biodiversity and the use of such measures in the design of marine reserve systems.
Using broad habitat units (BHUs) to represent biodiversity pattern in the Cape Floristic Region, together with point locality data for species (proteas and selected vertebrates), we calculated the effectiveness of BHUs as surrogates for species.
Simpson's index of diversity (SID, Eq. 3), not Simpson's diversity index (D) (Eq. 2), is used to make the index represent biodiversity consistently with its values, i.e. greater values mean greater biodiversity and species evenness, rather the opposite as D does.
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