The first configuration was a flat plate representing a standard case configuration.
A phantom representing a standard male with an end diastolic volume of the left ventricle of 148 mL was used.
The rough set approach introduced by Zdzisław Pawlak provides a ground for concluding to what degree a particular model for an intelligent system design is a part of a set of a set of models representing a standard.
An explicit constraint representing a standard whiteness test is added to the framework of least-squares ARX identification in order to provide a means for model order selection without relying on a second data set.
In this theory, a rough membership function makes it possible to distinguish similar feature elements and measures the degree of overlap between a set of experimental values representing a standard (e.g., set of values typically associated with a biomedical abnormality).
For example, as shown in Figure 2, the key entities required for representing a standard wall in IFC are - (1) GUID of the wall, (2) placement coordinates of the wall, (3) direction of the wall, (4) length, (5) width, (6) height, (7) material type, and (8) floor number.
