The general results are applied to X="(Xij), where Xij∈{−1,1}; this corresponds to a factorial design with −1,1 representing low level or high level respectively, or corresponds to a weighing design with −1,1 representing an object j with weight bj being weighed on the left and right of a chemical balance respectively.
Alternatively, this may also represent low level acute activation resulting from the very short (overnight) incubation of the isolated DC subsets on plastic in the presence of GM-CSF or IL-3 – which has been shown to be sufficient to initiate DC activation and induces formation of dendritic processes visible by light microscopy (data not shown).
This could also represent low level constitutive expression, as non-meiotic gene expression has been detected for MND1 (and HOP2) in mammals [ 92, 93].
Because the ratio of subviral particles (HBsAg) to virions (HBV DNA) is approximately 1000 to 100 000, most occult HBV infections represent low level viremia (with HBV DNA detectable only by sensitive PCR detection methods).
The anterior region encompasses the ventral thalamus (asterisks in Fig. 1D,G) and the hypothalamus (arrow in Fig. 1D,G), whereas the posterior cell clusters represent low level staining of branchiomotoneurons.
In contrast to the RT-PCR analysis (supplementary material Fig. S3), Cx26 signals were not detected in the 4-cell embryo, suggesting that the RT-PCR results represented low-level ubiquitous expression.
High scores represent high levels of education and low scores represent low levels of education (for specific nationally definition classifications, see Foy et al. 2013). .
One of the most important characteristics of it is its completeness and broadness, since it is able to represent low levels details, like source regions, methods, and properties as well as higher level ones, such as architecture, business rules, and events.
Using methods based in item response theory we demonstrated how a reduced set of GABS items maintained their relative severity and discriminated similarly when used among non-problem gambling students selected to represent low levels of gambling behavior (n=487) and when used clinically among treatment seeking pathological gamblers (n=234).
They might thus represent low levels of microbial contamination in the dissection, or even horizontal transmission of genes from symbiotic microbes to the insect host (Supplemental Table S8).
We chose a value below 25% to represent low levels of heterogeneity.
