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Four organ divisions containing 300 500 pipes were represented by equivalent porous material zones.
In this study the terrains are represented by equivalent fractal surfaces generated from random Fourier modes (RFM).
MRI volume coils can be represented by equivalent lumped element circuits and for a variety of these circuit configurations analytical design equations have been presented.
The most remarkable one is that the effects of prestressing are represented by equivalent external loads explicitly built in the model.
The stresses and strains obtained from these numerical experiments were used to fit the well-known Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) and Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criteria, represented by equivalent material properties defining these two criteria.
The inelastic dynamic characteristics of the template designs investigated are represented by equivalent single degree of freedom systems and their seismic deformation demands are calculated using a set of 100 strong ground motion records.
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To make it easy for the theoretical analysis and control of linear compressor, the gas force is generally represented by an equivalent spring and an equivalent damper, thus the linear model of gas force is important to the precision of the theoretical model.
The interface characteristics are represented by the equivalent dynamic tangential contact stiffness and by the equivalent viscous friction damping that are generated between the contacting surfaces.
The material is represented by an equivalent three-phase material composed of coated inclusions embedded into an equivalent homogeneous medium.
It is shown that in the low frequency region the wavenumbers may be approximated by applying so-called equivalent plate theory, in which the built-up plating is represented by an equivalent orthotropic plate.
By a suitable transformation, the system is represented by an equivalent difference-algebraic representation.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com