Exact(11)
To account for the randomness of the calibration parameters over space and across specimens, the spatially varying parameter is represented as a random field.
Sediment is represented as a random 2D collection of solid and water "particles", distributed on a regular lattice with individually assigned chemical, biological and physical properties, e.g. food versus inert material.
This paper is focused on this issue and in particular on the evaluation of the maximum impact force on the basis of the results obtained by performing an extensive numerical campaign by means of a 3D discrete element code (PFC3D), in which a dry granular mass is represented as a random distribution of rigid spherical particles.
They include the designs of the scalar parameter in a one dimensional cubic polynomial function with two unidentifiable parameters forming a linear manifold, and the boundary source locations for impedance tomography in a square domain, where the unknown parameter is the conductivity, which is represented as a random field.
Generally, if passenger's perceived travel cost is represented as a random variable consisting of a deterministic component ( C_{k}^{text{rs}} ) and an additive random error.
As another example which could lead to graded measurement vectors, adaptive evolution can be represented as a random walk on a graph representing genomic variants connected by possible mutation routes [40, 41].
Similar(49)
The raw output of the SVM is represented as a continuous random variable, with a Boolean parent variable that is True when the protein is a member, and False otherwise.
A human exposure attribute (e.g., pollutant concentration) is represented as a spatiotemporal random field (RF) X p = X s t (Christakos and Hristopulos 1998), where the vector p = (s, t) denotes a spatiotemporal point (s is the geographic location and t is the time).
The ground acceleration is represented as a stationary Gaussian random process modulated by an envelope function of repeated character.
In an AWGN channel with receiver I/ Qimbalance, the displacement vector Δ can be represented as a complex Gaussian random variable with mean μ Δ = K 2 K 1 x − ∗ and variance σ Δ 2 = ( 1 + K ) N 0. Hence the PDF of Δ becomes a complex Gaussian distribution.
Due to the possibility of missing covariate information existing for some individuals, x ijk was represented as a Normally distributed random variable with mean m and precision p, common across all IPD studies.
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