Chi18H8 clusters with representatives of divergent phyla, such as proteobacteria (Saccharophagus) and actinobacteria (Streptomyces) (Fig. 1b).
We also show that there are inactivated copies of AMBN, AMEL and ENAM in representatives of divergent avian lineages including Galloanserae, Passeriformes, and Psittaciformes, and that there are shared frameshift mutations in all three genes that predate the basal split in Neognathae.
The role of Quaternary climatic cycles appears restricted to northern drainages where river drainage diversion swapped representatives of two divergent lineages.
To produce an alignment of FH2 domain sequences, selected representative members of divergent branches of the family have been aligned using ClustalW [ 72] configured to run as a helper application under the BioEdit package [ 73], using the BLOSUM matrix series.
Also, the evolution and function of the transmitting tissue in extant representatives of early-divergent angiosperm lineages has been recently explored (Sage et al., 2009).
The East Pacific Rise is representative of a divergent boundary where the Pacific Plate and the Nazca Plate (west of South America) are moving apart a process known as rifting.
Thus, it has been the object of a long line of theorists, representative of widely divergent outlooks, to demonstrate that such pessimism is unjustified and that the historical process can, when appropriately viewed, be seen to be both rationally and morally acceptable.
Our analysis indicates that O. ulmi is a representative of a divergent clade for which, to our knowledge, no complete genome sequences currently exist.
During the mid-Pleistocene (∼1 2 Ma), representatives of these two divergent genomes became reunited in a common nucleus following hybridization and genome doubling, giving rise to a lineage now represented by modern allopolyploid (AD genome) cottons, which dominate cotton commerce worldwide.
PSI-BLAST searches with a few randomly selected divergent representatives of the GH97 family used as a query sequence during the first round always yielded the same 32 protein sequences as with 97A1_BACTH.
Past experience does not favour the view that most of these, when better known, will really deserve to be treated as separate phyla (many may simply be misplaced divergent representatives of known groups, as suggested before [ 1, 46]), but this does not minimize the importance of characterizing them all properly.
