In networks, collaboration can be coordinated by hierarchical relations in the network, in which one partner or representative has authority over others; and this is here labeled as the hierarchical governance mechanism.
Military codes of hierarchy may be so enduring that it didn't matter that Mattis was retired, and that McMaster, as Trump's representative, technically had authority over him.
Willem and Gemmel also found that hierarchal governance mechanisms were evident in healthcare networks, as collaborations were coordinated by one partner or a representative who had authority over others.
In Bosnia, the high representative has no formal authority over the patchwork of international agencies involved in the transition.
And this is despite the fact that women political representatives have no official authority over the police.
"It is important that courts give deference to Congressional authority over sentencing," Representative F. James Sensenbrenner Jr., Republican of Wisconsin, a member and former chairman of the Judiciary Committee, said in a statement.
But Congress has endowed the office with statutory authority over trade matters and treats the trade representative as the most senior trade official other than the president.
Some approaches, including the one backed by Representative Harman, would stop short of giving an intelligence chief authority over the broad swath of the intelligence budget controlled by the Pentagon.
Among the skeptics is Representative Rosa DeLauro, Democrat of Connecticut, who leads the House appropriations subcommittee with authority over the agency.
