Analyses with cumulative prospect theory (CPT), investigating to what extent the gap is also driven by differences in people's subjective representations of outcome and probability information (taking into account sampling error), have produced mixed results.
An in-depth analysis of the Critchley et al. (2001) results implicated a discrete region of the anterior cingulate involved in both somatic responses and representations of outcome uncertainty in the anticipatory period.
Of special interest are the correlations between orbitofrontal cortical regions and the basolateral amygdala as these regions cooperate to encode the representations of outcome expectancies based on experience that are used to guide adaptive behavior [ 65- 68].
He adds that "while a more skeptical analyst might be inclined to discount the representation of outcomes, there has been no deliberate obfuscation in our view.
The graphical representation of outcome profiles was designed to expose differences between hospitals (Fig. 2).
Verbal and image representations differ in several respects: emotional images are usually concrete representations of specific outcomes, whereas verbal worry is more abstract, with the feared outcome(s) less exactly specified (Stöber & Borkovec, 2002).
Because social evolution involves feedbacks, spatial heterogeneity, and other nonlinear effects, linear analytical models such as those developed previously (Driscoll and Pepper 2010) can provide only simplified representations of expected outcomes.
It is also worth noting that the rewarding outcome associated with both scenes was identical, excluding the possibility that neural representations of the outcome itself could contribute to classification accuracy.
It is not possible to conclude that the outcomes reported at 12 months in the reviewed studies are an accurate representation of the outcomes that would be reported by patients in the English PROMs programme were they to have a 12 month outcome assessment.
The game theoretical studies by von Neumann and Morgenstern (1980) is based on the representation of all outcomes of n-player games as payoff vectors such that points exist in an n-dimensional utility space [15].
