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What 30 indicates is that representational attitudes have parenthetical uses.
Epistemic modals are licensed only in representational attitudes.
Table 1 A typology of epistemic licensing in attitudes Epistemic licensing Attitude type Necessity ∧ possibility Representational attitudes Necessity ?? Possibility Hybrid attitudes None Non-representational attitudes.
They show that epistemic modals are acceptable in complements of representational attitudes, but they are degraded in complements of non-representational attitudes.
Another property that distinguishes counterfactual attitudes from other representational attitudes is their unnegatability.
It is this latter component that distinguishes them from other representational attitudes.
Since counterfactual attitude verbs quantify over a set of doxastic worlds, they denote representational attitudes.
Those with a representational component are representational attitudes, those with a preference component are non-representational attitudes, and emotive doxastics and dubitatives have a hybrid semantics, constituting the third type.
Based on these differences, I argue that counterfactual attitudes must be separated from the representational attitudes, and constitute a fourth type of attitude verb.
Counterfactual attitudes in TSM are representational and indicative-selecting attitudes, but unlike those typical representational attitudes, they do not have parenthetical uses.
That is, counterfactual attitudes do not have parenthetical uses even though they are also representational attitudes; they always take the main point status in utterances.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com