To capture a representation for cross-tier optimization, our contribution in this paper includes a new approach for modeling dependencies across both tiers as a combined binary integer program (BIP) [7].
The Penrose square root rule (PSRR) is the main benchmark for 'fair representation' of all bottom-tier voters in the top-tier decision making body, but rests on the restrictive assumption of independent binary decisions.
While some of the big clubs have been covered above, there is some representation from the lower tiers too.
PARIS — For years, companies seeking to improve women's representation at the top tiers of business have relied on tactics like increasing child-care options, offering flexible working hours and instituting boardroom quotas.
The multi-tier reduced representation library successfully took advantage of the strengths of two next generation sequencing methods.
Using a multi-tier reduced representation library we discovered a total of 3,487 SNPs of which 2,795 contained sufficient flanking genomic sequence for SNP assay development.
EWF, designed and created the multi-tier reduced representation library and performed sequencing of the validation sets and assisted in preparing the manuscript.
Coupling two next generation sequencing methods with a multi-tier reduced representation library allowed for high-throughput SNP discovery in common bean, an organism for which no whole genome sequence is available and without the need to create normalized cDNA libraries.
In common bean, a multi-tier reduced representation library was sequenced through combining two next generation sequencing techniques, the Roche 454-FLX system and the Illumina Genome Analyzer, a total of 3,487 SNPs of which 2,795 contained sufficient flanking genomic sequence for SNP assay development [ 22].
Our objective was to create a multi-tier reduced representation library (mtRRL) through a series of restriction digestions and gel size selection followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing for the discovery of large numbers of SNPs in common bean with sufficient flanking sequence for GoldenGate assay design.
